医学图像learning| 1997 Glogau分级

论文笔记 Physiologic and structural changes associated with aging skin

一、引言

现在的aging问题和战后婴儿潮密切相关,而老化中最受关注的是光老化(photoaging)。那个年代的很多人喜爱户外运动而不注意防晒,易导致skin cancer和prematurely aged skin.本篇主要讨论光老化。

二、临床表现(光老化)

1. Visible Color

  • 皮肤变色(灰黄)
  • 雀斑
  • 皮肤透明度降低,pink glow减少
  • 毛细血管扩张甚至紫癜

2. Textural changes

  • 平滑度开始降低
  • 角化
  • 皱纹增多
  • 皮肤及其structural component萎缩
  • 皮下脂肪减少(口周、太阳穴、眉毛等),眼睑下垂

3. Fuctional capacity

  • 皮肤粗糙度增加 visible coarseness
  • 脂质腺肥大 the sebaceous glands hypertrophy
  • 毛孔粗大
  • 表皮毫毛的转变 the hair changes from velus to termial hair in unwanted areas
  • 以上表现鼻子区域尤为明显
  • 其他,如皮肤弹性下降,皮肤下垂,水分丢失,皮肤屏障功能下降&更敏感

三、微观探索

Sun-damaged epidermis(上皮) 主要表现有:紧实分片或者凝胶状角质层(没有清晰转变成透明层),发育不良异常的角质细胞、偶发细胞坏死、胰岛细胞减少,上皮细胞垂直极性减少和及其不规则排列。

Dermis(真皮):弹性组织变形、上乳头状肌均化,纤维受损,formation of amorphous masses,网状霉素纤维增加,柱状细胞和巨噬细胞粗粒明显;上皮胶原损坏,amorphous material 增加(皮肤支撑能力下降),弹性下降等导致皱纹的产生

四、Glogau 分级

Type Stage Characteristics About Patient
Type 1
No wrinkles
Early photoaging Mild pigmentary changes 轻微色素变化
No keratoses 无角化
Minimal wrinkles 皱纹极少
Younger patient, 20s to 30s
Minimal or no makeup
很少或没有化妆
Type 2
Wrinkles in motion
Early-to-moderate photoaging Early senile lentigines visible 早期老年斑
Keratoses palpable but not visible 角化(不可见)
Parallel smile lines beginning to appear lateral to mouth 口周皱纹出现(笑线)
Patient age, late 30s to 40s
Usually wears some foundation
经常化妆(较淡)
Type 3
Wrinkles at rest
Advanced
photoaging
Obvious dyschromia, telangiectasia 肤色变化明显,毛细血管扩张
Visible keratoses 明显角化
Wrinkles even when not moving 静止状态也有很多皱纹
Patientage, 50s or older
Always wears heavy foundation 浓妆
Type 4
Only wrinkles
Severe
photoaging
Yellow-gray skin 肤色呈黄灰色
Prior skin malignancies 早期皮肤癌
Wrinkled throughout, no normal skin 全部皱纹
Patient age, sixth or seventh decade
Cannot wear makeup because it cakes and cracks 不能化妆

五、推荐治疗

1. Type 1 No wrinkles

  • superficial chemical peels 化学蜕皮术
  • topical intervention
    • retinoids 类维A
    • alphahydroxy acids 果酸
    • sunscreens 防晒霜

2. Type2 Wrinkles in motion

  • topical treatment 局部治疗
  • superficial and occasionally medium depth peels 浅层(偶尔中层)蜕皮
  • soft tissue augmentation 软组织填充

3. Type3 Wrinkles at rest

  • prolonged application of retinoids 延长使用类维A
  • medium and deep chemical peels 中层或深层化学蜕皮
  • laser resurfacing 激光换肤
  • surgical options 手术选择
  • soft tissue augmentation 软组织填充
  • chemical muscle denervation 化学去肌肉神经

4. Type 4 Only wrinkles

  • laser resurfacing 激光换肤
  • deep dermal peels 深层蜕皮
  • surgery 手术
Author: Ivan Yang
Link: https://blog.ivan-yang.com/2020/01/11/医学图像learning-1997-Glogau分级/
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